Dynamo-electric machinery



n. W. TROY.

DYNAMO I ELECTRIC MACHINERY.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1.19%.

979,603, Patented D ec.27,191(l YUUIinEEEEE nemliier 3 difference isconstant).

DANIEL W. TROY, OF MDNTGOMERY, ALABAMA.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINERY Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec.27, 191 0.

Application filed November 1, 1909. Serial No. 525,825.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that l, DAN-int. W. Tnor, a citizen ot the United States ofAmerica, and a resident of the city and county of Montgomery, State ofAlabama, have invented certain new, and useful Improvements inDynai'no-Electric lvlachinery, of which the following a specification,reference being had to the aeemnpanying drawing, forming a part hereof.

This invention relates to apparatus for the production and utilizationof direct currents. In a manner it is analogous to the acyclic machinesin that current: tilirections are. never reversed and the relative motement. of condini-tors and magnetic flux is un directional.

The object of the invention is to provide novel and efiicient apparatusfor the purposes mentioned, particularly for the production andutilization'of currents at voltages heretofore difiicult to employ inmachines of the related class.

In the drawing Figure 1 shows a complete machine embodying theinvention; Figs. 2 and 3 are parts of the armature; Fig. 4 is a partlybroken and partly sectional view of the complete machine; Fig. 5 is adetail of a modification of the armature; Fig. 6 is a diagramillustrating the inven tion; .l igs. 7 and S are detail sectional viewsshowing modifications of the contact inainmining-means.

From Fig. 4-, which shows a partly seetional view of the field magnetshowing one of theopposing pole faces 6 it will be seen that I employ aflux or field having a dimension in the. direction of relative movementof armature comlucto-rs substantially less than the path of suchmoverm-nt. In Fig. 6 assume av magnetic flux directed on wardfrom thepole face (3. Let 1"- be a peripheral conductor capable of rotationflbOllt llS center and provided with a spiral leading to an axial memberIt is obvious that only so much of the radial projection of the spiralas lies between its n tersections with the radial sides at the field isever cutting the flux (see R and ll". Fig. 6-, It .R-" being the lengthof the spiral-which can cut. the flux effectively at any instant,'R andll, of. eoursi. being variahleszbut varying together so tlnit theirAssuming the tlux density uniform and of density 1% the E. M. F.produced by rotation at the spiral-\ spoke-d rim will be measured by theproduct of B into the rate of progression of the ct"- fect-ive radialprojection of the spiral. Assuming the flux to have a dimension in thedirection of rotation. of 30 degrees of arc and the spiral to have adimension of 360 degrees, as shown, itis obvious that only 1/12 of thetotal radial length of the spira. can be cutting through the flux at anyin stant. The E. M. F. is therefore, 1/12 (f what. it would be for thesame rate of rot 1- tion of a disk of like diameter to 1.. =1? such adisk (indicated by a dotted circl.*.)f Asstuning the. disk axiallyconnected to 2 and otherwise insulated exceptv by peripheral collectingmeans, rotation of disk and spiral will result in induction of an E. F.in each, that of the one being 1/12 thtt of the other and both actingradially ir. the same direction. If by any means the radial elements ofthe disk are successively connected to the peripheral member as th:ybegin to traverse the flu there will be a current in the system(neglecting for the present eddy currents) which will follow thedirection of the E. M. F. of the rad.al element and oppose that of: thespiral, due, in this case, to an efi'ective E. M. F. 11 12 that 01" theradial disk element. In Fig. 4 this will be readily understood. One ofthe pole pieces has been removed and on a shaft- 5 is shown a diskelement 4, subdivided as in Fig. 3, into a plurality of radialcorductors, all connected axially and each having an angular width notgreater (and p1 eferably very much less) than that of the pole faces.Part of several of the radial members are broken away so as to show thespiral conductor 3. its radial effective. length being for the figure,between the arcs 3 and 3. l loth the collar or axial member of thespiral conducting system (see 2, Fig. 2 and the like axial member l ofthe radially slotted disk are assmned to be insulated from the axis(although one may not iiectssarily be so) and connections made, as byconductors indicated at 12 and 11 (Fig. 1) to collect.-- I

ing rings 11 and 12. A brush or sliding contact ill--10 servestomaintait a connec tion between the peripheral por;ion 1 and one of theradial elements of the disk. As the disk and the peripheral n'ienber areof like diameter this function may be served by a single brush whichmainta' us the contact at a point. fixed with respect to the mag not. Asconstructed it will be seen that the magnet structure.

- rate.

armature corresponds to two acyclic armature systems (completely soexcept for the subdivision of the disk by radial slots) one of whichcuts through the flux at a greater rate than the other and consequentlygener ates-higher E. M. F. although both rotate (or move relatively tothe flux) at the same Hence there is an efiective E. M. F. which candrive a current in radially opposite directions throu h them.

In Figs 1 and 4, i is the field magnet, 6 and 6 the opposite faces ofthe poles Which determine the shape and dimensions ofthe flux-crosssection. 5', 5 are journals for the shaft 5, here shown as supportedby'th'e 7, 7 are enlargements of the magnet structure to form a base. 7is' a cross section ofthe magnet core, 8 showing the wound core, (dottedarea 8, 8, Fig. 1, showing its cross-section.) 5" is'a driving pulley.13 and 13 are collecting brushes insulated from each other-as at 14.

In constructing a machine for actual use I employ a plurality ofarmature systems each of which is essentially the combination shown in,F 4, of the elements of Figs. 2 and 3-a subdivided disk and a spirallyspolced wheel. Such an arrangement is siown in the armature of Fig. 1. 1and l are two peripheral conductors each corresponding to that of thesystem of Fig. 2. 4' and 4' are radial disk elements like those of Fig.3. Obviously as many such systems as desired may be assembled on oneshaft. Since the direction of E. M. F. (effective) is diflercnt-.radially in spirals from that in disks itis only necessary to connectcollar 4 of a disk to collar 2 of the adjacent spiral, and soon. I11Fig. 1 a connection is made from collecting ring 11- to the collar ofthe radial elementsof which 4' is one. They are successively maintainedin connection with. the adjacent peripheral element 1" by the right handbrush .10. Assuming the inner or axial .collar of the'spiral connectedto 1* to be in contact with the collar of the' disk elements of whichilis one, the brush 10 (to the left) completes the circuit from theseelements to the peripheral element 1, whence the connection is by thelast spiral to its axial collar andtocollecting ring 12 by a conductor12', -wh1ch with the contotal E. M. F. equal to the sum'of allthe et-'ductor 11, is shown in dotted lines. The circuit is therefore from 11 to12 first radially outward, then radial]. spiral, then radially outwarthen radially inward by a s airal, thence tocollect'ing ring.- Obviouslyon I p the number of elements which maybe thus assembled in series. forthe production of a fective E. 'MpFfs of the several combin'm tions'ofthe elements of Figs. 2.and 3. A

or its equivalent, is 7 re but onlv two connecting brush, quired for'each comblnatltin,

considerations of bulk limit collecting rings forany number. Thematerial of the inductors is not an essential but where the distancebetween pole faces is sub stantial they may be made of iron or likepermeable material to advantage.

Obviously, the arrangement which holds good 'for a comp]ete-peripheralmember and a splral extended 360 degrees in the direction of movementbetween armature and magnet is equally applicable (if desired) to thecase of a spiral of less length. In Fig. 5 a modification of thischaracter is shown. 3 is a spiral extended only 180 degrees, itsperipheral member 1 being buta half annulus. ployed Where amagnetstructure is provided with two polar gaps. See 6 and 6. Fig. 6. Two setsof peripheral contacts, however, will be required in this instance. Thearrangement is self-evident and needs but mention. a

I am by no means confined to the use of slidingcontacts as thebrusheslO, 10,1 0 maintain the connection between the peripheral memberbelonging to the spiral conduc torsystem and the radial conductorsof thedisk element, although it is necessary e that the locus of thisconnection remain stationary with respect to the magnet. The

machine is inoperativeif fixed connections are made at the peripheralends of the con ductors and the locus of the connection mustremain fixedwith reference to the flux. To avoid the .use of sliding contacts Iprovide 'means such as shown in typical forms in. F igs.- 7 and 8. InFig. 7 I have shown a sectional view'the section being taken radially ona plane assumedto pass through the axis of the systems-which illustratesthe general principle ofsboth forms. 4 is a section ofthe outer end of aradial disk element.-as I constructed here, preferably of 'noumag-.netic naterial1.is a section of the periph-.

eral conducto-r-shown insulated from 4:".

In a groove in the element 4'1 are a plurai-ity' of members as 16,preferably iron or steel balls whichmay to advantage be coat--.

ed with some metal such as brass or tin. The groove is so shaped thatwhen the armature is in motion the resultant of the'centrifugal forceacts counter to the arrow '1 a1 indicating the centrifugal thrust andtheinclination, of the outer Wall of the groove causi r ,he resultant tothe left in the figure.

Th tiis tance between the contact. member 16 and the peripheralmember-1, while large in iao the figure,'is in practiceinade very smallin de ed, just enough to insure a good break of .electrical continuity.\Vhe'n these contact.

balls, normally thrown out of contact with 1 but always'in good contactwith the radial v members 4", begin-to enter the fluxthey are attractedby the peripheral member-the attraction belng a function of thefluxdensity passing through closely approximated iron of said conductorsother to i stationary with Tao the diameter somewhat greater is one, arenormally like, see sectional views at 1T, 1T, 17", so

act but under the unalters are in operative position so that no tion,and means. for

botl1and they roll over into contact, thus automatically maintaining aconnection between the radial members and the peripheral conductor whichexists nowhere else except at certain points fixed with respect to theflux. The arrangement of Fig. 8 is quite similar but is adapted forcases where ofvthe ball-retaining groove is so that a pnllis exerted onthe balls toward the-axis w ien they are passing beneath the polar gap(as if in the peripheries of the rotating. parts of Fig. 1). Here thecentrifugal-force is allowed to act the condition of discondirectly tomaintain tinuity of the parts. The halls, of which 16 insulated by fiberor the long as the centrifugal force is allowed to influence of magneticattractionthey'move' radially inward and connect the elements it" and 1.In this case it ismore or less immaterial of what metal the elements 4and 1 are composed. IVitht-he rotating system at rest (in eithermodification) some of the balls or movable contact complete openingofcthe circuit is experienced. These flux controlled contact closers arenot essentials ofrthis invention but merely valuable aids to itscomplete'ca-r lying into eii'ect and they form the subject or aeta-pending application Ser'. N 0. 519,899, filed Sept. 27, 1909.

lilaving described my invention, what I claim is z- .L l n adynamo-electric machine, a field magnet arranged to establish a fieldforce, a pairof armature conductors movable together through said fieldby relative motion therewith of unidirectional character, one moreinclined than the the direction of rclative'movement and having adimension "in that direction greater than that of the field in suchdirecmaintaining electrical connection between said conductors at pointsrespect to said field.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine a field magnet arranged to establish afield of force,

a plurality of armature conductors all mo'vmaintaining electricalconneection between said more inclined conductor and each of the otherssuccessively at points stationary with respect to said field.

3. In a dynamo-electric machine, a field magnet arranged to establishafield of force, an armature arranged to move through said fieldand'having a plurality of conductors substantiallynormal to thedirection of such movement and a return conductor substantially inclinedto the direction of such movement, a peripheral conductor connected tosaid inclined conductor, and means for maintaining electrical connectionbetween said peripheral conductors and each of said sub normalconductors at points stastantially tionary with respect to said field.

4:. In a dynamo-electric machine, a field magnet arranged to establish afield of force, an armature arranged tOL move through said field andhaving a plurality of conductors substantially normal to the directionof such movement and a return conductor substantially inclined to thedirection of such movement, a second plurality of like sub stantiallynormal conductors and a second like substantially inclined conductor onsaid armature, said second substantially inclined conductor permanentlyconnected electrically to said first substantially normal conductors,and means for maintaining elect-rical connection between said firstsubstantially inclined conductor and each of said first substantiallynormal conductors and between said second suhstantiallyinclinedconductor and each of said second substantially normal conductors atpoints stationary with Witness my hand this 25th day of Octoher, 1909; I

' I DANIEL W. TROY. W itnesses: 3 i

FANNIE KATE Gnn'rnnrrig,

J. TALBERT Lnrcnnn.

